Machine for making bags



' (No Model.) 9 sheets-sheet 1. 01B. HARMON. MACHINE FOR MAKING BAGS.No. 267,197. Patented Nov. '7, 1882.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 4'. 0. S. HARMON. MACHINE FOR MAKING BAGS.

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No; 267,197. PatentedNovxV; 1882.

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ORVILLE S. HARMON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO 1". LORIL- LARD &(30., OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 267,197,dated November '7, 1882.

Application filed February 19, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ORVILLE S. HARMON, acitizen of the United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, countyof Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Making Bags, fully described andrepresented in the following specification and the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of the same.

A machine embodying my improvements, though operating to produce a bagor a tube with one end closed, is especially contrived for the purposeof making from paper or similar material,either with orwithoutanoutsidelayer 5 of foil, a tubular wrapper with one closed end,adapted for the reception of fine-cut tobacco or other filamentousmaterial, or for the enveloping of various articles of merchandise, suchas are commonly packed in merchantable form in boxes, bags, and thelike.

In the mode commonly practiced in making uniform packages of tobacco andsimilar packed materials it is usual to construct thecontztining-wrapper in tubular shape upon a hollow formerj one end ofthe wrapper being closed over the end of the hollow former, so that thebag-like wrapper may, while retained upon the hollow former, have thematerial to be packed introduced Within it through the 0 former withoutbreaking or disrupting the wrapper; and although the machine illustratedis particularly adapted to fold a wrapper upon such a hollow former, itwill operate and may be used to form such a wrapper upon a solid former,as will appear.

The improvements effected by me consist mainlyin thefollowingmechanisms: a former, upon which the tube or bag is to be formed, thatis provided with means for reciprocating it to and from the foldingdevices; devices for causing the former, more especially when caused tocarry a hollow former, to descend onto a forming-table to clamp thepaper; peculiar folding mechanisms, both as to structure and 4 5operation 5 an improved clutch-releasin g mechanism, and variousconstructions and combinations of parts, too fully hereinafter set forthand claimed to need preliminary description.

The mechanisms embodying my said improvements are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. which show the same, in Figure 1, by a frontelevation, in Fig. 2, by a plan or top view, in Fig. 3, by a left-handside elevation, and, in Fig. 4, by aright-hand elevation, the frame workin the last two figures being 5 removed in part to expose themechanisms. Fig. 5 shows a plan view of the driving-cams in position,while Figs. 6 to 14., inclusive, show elevations of said cams as removedfrom the machine. Fig. 15 shows a. longitudinal sectional elevation ofthe former and its elevating and depressing mechamsms. Fig. 16 shows themechanism for clamping the iormer in its horizontal position. Fig. 17illustrates a hollow former, carrying a wrapper folded upon it. 6 Fig.18 shows a sectional elevation illustrating the operation of folding thematerial into the form ofa tube. Fig. 19 is a similar view, illustratingthe operation of forming the first end fold. Fig. 20 is asectionalelevation showing the normal position of the folder for forming thefirst end fold. Fig. 21 is a plan view, representing the operation ofturning in the side end folds, obstructing upper portions of themechanism being removed. Fig. 22 is an end elevation, illustratingparticularly the operation of two of the end-folders. Fig. 23iilustrates the mode of forming the double lap of the last end-closingflap. Fig. 24: shows the operation of folding the last end-closing flap.Fig. 25 illustrates the structure of the wings of some of the folders.Figs. 26, 27, 2S, and 29 are diagrams illustrating the successive foldsnecessary in converting a sheet into a tube. Figs. 30, 31, and 32illustrate the end of the 8 bag in various stages of its foldings.

The principal mechanisms embodied in this apparatus will first hedescribed and their operating devices explained, that the subsequentdescription of the operation may be rendered 0 clear.

A former, 51, of the shape and dimensions of the bag to be produced isarranged to operate in conjunction with a forming-table, 52.Theformer5l,which presents an exterior 5 form of the shape and size ofthe bag to be produced, is pivoted near its rear end, at 40, (see Fig.15,) to the table 52, so that it may 0scillate vertically with respectto said table from the position shown in Fig. 3 to that shown in Fig.15, and this former and formingtable arc provided with a slide, 53,which moves in ways in the frame-work, whereby the two may reciprocatevertically and move from the position where the sheet to be folded isreceived to that in which said sheet is folded into a bag or closedtube. The oscillation of this former is accomplished as follows: It isprovided with a slotted arm, 60, that rises from its rear end, in theslot of which runs a pin that projects from the end of a rock-arm, 61,that is fast upon a rock-shaft, 62. This shaft 62 is rocked by means ofa rock-arm, 63, a connecting-arm, 64, and a rock-arm, 65, from atransverse shaft, 66, to which movement is imparted by a lever, 67, thatmay be moved by hand, foot, or other power. Said lever is supplied witha retracting-spring, 68, that is connected with an arm, 69. The formeris locked in its seated position upon the formingtable, when rockedforward into the position shown in Figs. 15, 16, by means ofclampingarms 71, the jawed upper ends of which carry friction-rolls thatrun onto and rest upon the upper surface of the shank of said former.These levers are pivoted to the slide 53, and arelinked together, as isshownin Fig.16. The lever 70 has its powerend curved and providedwithapin that engages and playsin the slotted end of a rock-arm, 72,thatis fast upon ashort rock-shaft, 73, that is journaled in theframework,in part of which the slide53 works. (See Fig. 5.) This shaft73 is provided with a rockarm, 74, to the end of which is pivotedalever, 75, that is hung on a rod, 76, and provided with a pin or studthat works in the groove of a cam, A, that is mounted fast upon the mainshaft 7". (See Figs. 4, 5, 16;)

The former and forming-table are concertedly reciprocated vertically bymeans of the slide 53, which is connected by a link, 78, to a lever, 79,thatis hung 011 the rod 76, and which lever 79 is vibrated by a secondlever, 80, hung on a rod, 81, and provided with an arm or stud to engagethe lever 79, and with a stud or roll that travels in the groove of acam, 13, which is mounted fast upon the main shaft 77. (See Figs. 4,5,15.) When the descent of these devices iszmade the clamping-arms 7071, looked over the former by their hooked ends, also descend, the pivotby which they are operated moving out of the slot in the end of therockarm 72.

In conjunction with the forming-table 52 and the former 51. there isarranged a series of folders that operate to convert a sheet of paperclamped between the former and the formingtable into a tube by lappingthe free edges of said sheet upon said former. Of these a guiding-stock,20, and a similar guiding-stock, 21, are arranged so that theirlongitudinal faceplates 2 3' (see Figs. 1, 2, 21) constitute at'olding-box, ,between which the forming-table 52 and former 51descend,during which movement the projecting sides of the sheet areupturned or raised vertically between said plates 2 3 and the sides ofsaid former.

The primary side-lappin g folder consists of a reciprocating blade, 22,carried by a frame,

shaft 77.

46, Figs. 2 and 18, that is supported at the ends of rock-arms 47 48,that are fast to a rockshaft, 49. These arms are vibrated to reciprocatethe folder 22 by means of an adjustable arm, 50, one end of whichembraces the arm 48, Figs. 2 and 3, while its lower end, slotted foradjustment, is pivoted to a rod, 54, that is connected by a link to alever, 55, that is hung on the rod 76, and provided with a stud or rollthat engages the groove of cam D, fast on the (See Fig. 5.)

The second side-lapping folder consists of the bottom plate, 23, ofahorizontally-reciprocatingcarrier,124,Figs.1,2, 18, that is mounted toslide in the frame-work by means of guiderods 81 82. (See'Fig. 2.) Thereciprocating movement is imparted by means of a rod, 83, pivoted at oneend to the carriage and by its other to a rock-arm, 84, carried by arockshaft, 85, (see Fig. 2,) from which rock-shaft there projectsanother rock-arm, 86, whose slotted end is connected by a link, 16, to alever, 87, (see Fig. 1,) that is hung on the rod 81, which lever isprovided with a slide or roll that travels in a groove of a cam, E, thatis fast on the shaft 77. (See Fig. 5.)

The guiding-stock 21 not only forms part of the folding-box, but acts'asthe final side-lapping folder, and in order to accomplish this functionit is mounted so as to reciprocate vertically, which movements areaccomplished as follows: It is provided with vertical guiderods 41 42,which slide in the frame-work, Fig. 8, and has a depending adjustablerod, 43, which is pivoted to a lever, 44, hung on rod 81, which lever isengaged by a lever, 45, hung on rod 76, and actuated by a cam, O, onshaft 77, (see Figs.3,4,5,) the construction and operation of whichlevers are likethose marked 79 80.

The primary lap of the end fold of the tube is accomplished by means ofa swinging folder,

24, Figs. 2, 18, 20, that is mounted on the end of the carrier 124,supporting the lapping-folder 23, said folder 24 being a plate adaptedto lie in the same horizontal plane as the plate or folder 23, (see Fig.20,) and to be oscillated from that position to one at right angles tothe plate 23. (See Fig. 19.) This folder 24 is provided with end wings,18 19, and with a back plate, a, which forms a stop engaging the top offolder 23, and determining the relative position of said folder with theplate 23 when the two lie in the same plane. This folder is peculiarlyhung in a carrier, 124, Fig. 18, the side plates, 130 131, of which areslotted, and in which slots pins on the outer end of its arm 6 run aspartial guides for its movement. The face of the arm 6 is ofpeculiarshape, as is that of the bearing-face of the rock-arm 56. Suchshapes coact with the said slots in accomplishing the oscillation of thefolder; but as this mode of actuating a folding-blade is particularlyhereinafter described in connection with the folder. 26, which isconstructed and operated in precisely the same manner, no explanation isrequired here.

ICS

The wings 18-19 are each constructed with a recessed face, so as toprovide a removed portion to accommodate the doubled paper, and with aprojection to impinge upon and press the line of fold; but this willalso be described in part by reference to the folder 26, that beingconstructed in that manner.

The oscillations of the folder 24 are produced by means of a rock'arm,56,,that is pivoted at 57 to side plates, 130 131, of the carrier 124,said rock-arm being actuated by a rod, 88, pivoted to it and to asimilar arm, 89, fast to a shaft, 90, that turns in journals in the saidcarrier 1.24 and the frame-work. (See Fig. 2.) Upon this shaft 90 thereis hung a rock-arm, 91, which is provided with a spline that engages agroove in the shaft 90, and thus permits said shaft to reciprocatewithout being disconnected from said rock-arm. (See Fig.

4.) This rock-arm 91 is connected by an ad-: justable arm, 92, with alever, 93,'that is hung on the rod 76, from which lever extends a studor roll that runs in the groove of a cam, F, on the shaft 77. The sidefolds of the end are turned in by laterally-oscillating folders 25 26,that are supported at the forward ends of the guiding-stocks 20 and 21by their top and bottom plates, 132 133. One of these foldersnamely,that marked 26-will now be particularly described. (See Figs. 18 and21.) It consists ofa plate having a width equal to that of the plate 2and a length forward ofits center of motion enabling it to span nearlyone-half of the front end of the former. Its shank consists ofa stop,a",that limitsits backward movement and sustains it in alignment withthe plate 2, as in Fig. 2, said shank terminating in an arm, 6, (seeFig. 21,) to which are pinned bearers i, that run in curved slots 0,with which the inner faces of the top and bottom plates, 132 133, oftheguiding-stock 21 are provided. These slots 0 are arcs having the frontinner edge of the plate 2 and the corner of the former as their center,said edge and corner (which are practically in contact) thus becomingthe center of motion of the folder. From the rear surface ofthe foldertwo angularfaced lugs, c a, project, with which lugs two fingers, am,that are carried by the actuatingrockarm 12, engage. This rock-arm 12 ispivoted at 9 to the plates 132 133, and its oscillations are produced bymeans of a vertical rock-shaft, 59, that is journaled in theguiding-stock 21 'and frame-work of the machine, (see Fig. 3,)

to an arm, 13, projecting from said shaft, to which the rock-arm 12 isconnected by a rod, 98. Upon said rock-shaft 59 another rock-arm, 99, ismounted, and provided with a spline entering a groove in the shaft, sothat the latter may reciprocate without disengagement from the former.The rocking movements of this arm 99 are effected by means of a rod, 35,that is linked to a rock-arm, 36, fast on a shaft, 37, from whichanother rock-arm, 38, Fig. 5, projects inwardly. This latter rock-arm isengaged by a lever, 39, that is hung upon the rod 76, and provided witha stud or roll that runs in the groove of the cam H' on the shaft 77.When the parts are in their retracted positions the folder 26 is held inplace by means of the fingers m a, which then rest upon the highestparts of the lugs n c, as is the case with the folder 24, (see Fig. 20,)which, being constructed to operate as does this folder 26, will bereferred to in aid of this description of such operation. moved forwardits finger u presses upon the lug 0 while the pressure of its finger mupon the lug n is relieved, such forward pressure causing the folder tobe guided in the slots 0 and to swing into a position at right angles tothat from which it started, and thus to perform its folding operation.In this movement the fingers m and u gradually pass down the inclinedrear surface of the lugsn c, for thereason that the centers of motion ofthe folder and rock-arm are at variance, and finally said As theactuating rock'arm is fingers arrive at the positions shown in Fig.

21, when the forward motion of the folder is complete, at which time thefinger u presses firmly upon the lug c. In the rearward movement the lugc is relieved from the pressure of the finger u and the finger m pressesupon the lug a, said fingers mounting the inclined sides of the saidlugs. until the rearward position of the parts is accomplished, as inFig. 20, when the folder is firmly held.

The folder 25 is constructed and operated in precisely the same mannerby a rock-arm, 11, which rock-arm is pivoted at 9 to the top and bottomplates, 132 133, of the carrier 20, its oscillations being accomplishedby means of an adjustable rod, 94, Fig. 4, connecting it with a.belhcrank lever, 95, that is hung on the rod 81, and whose short arm,96, Fig. 5, is provided with a stud or arm, that is engaged by a lever,97, hung on a rod, 76, the roll or stud connecting it with the plate,folder, former,

or other surface sustaining the material to be A folder constructed inthisfolded, and with respect to which a sharplydefined angle is to bemade, and consequently a bearing-face is presented against the materialclose to the line upon which it is to be folded.

The folder 25 is provided with a wing, t,and the folder 26 has a wing,l, which wings are constructed as are the wings 18 19 of the folder 24.Their structure and operation will be understood from the followingdescription: The outer or hearing face of each wing is recessed, as isshown in Fig. 25, so as to provide room for the plies of that portion ofthe end of the tube that is doubled by theaction of a folder in layingdown a flap, and the double angular edge produced by such foldingisacted upon by a projection, as s, which presses upon it and causes ittolie smooth, and not spring the plies apartwhen the folderis retracted.Thus, as the folder 24 is oscillated tolay the primary end fold, itdraws the material composing the sides of the projecting end of the tubeover pears from Fig.

upon itself, so that it forms a double ply, united by an angular line ofdoubling, as ap- If this doubling is simply caused by the drawing actionof thefolder 24, it would, when that folder is retracted, spring apartby its inherent elasticity, and thus prevent the proper inward folds ofthe sides to be accomplished as in Fig. 30; but by providing the wingsthe doubled material is not only accommodated, but the doubled line sopressed as to cause the plies to lie snugly together without anytendency to spring apart, whereby a succeeding fold may be surely madewithout danger of disruption. In addition to this function of the wings,those of the folders 25 26 perform the additional function of acting asfolding-guides,their construction being such that their corners arebrought into a position to register with the folding-point of the folder27, and thus act during the beginning of the tolding operation of thatfolder as an edge over which the reenforcing lap is turned, said wingsbeing retracted with their folders in time not to impede the completionof such folding.

The re-enforcing fold of the last end flap is accomplished by anoscillating folder, 27, which is a plate supported by a frame, 6, theopposite ends of which are journals 7, turning in the framework. (SeeFig. 22.) The righthand journal 7 is extended through the frame, andprovided with a segment, 30, which meshes with a reciprocating rackbar,31, that is provided with a guide-loop, keeping it meshed with thesegment. This rack-bar 31 is pivoted at its lower end to a slottedrock-arm, 33, Fig. 4, that is connected by a rod, 17, with a lever, 34.that is hung on the rod 81, and provided with a stud or roll that runsin the groove of the cam I on shaft 77. This folder is thus caused tooscillate with the outer upper edge of the folder 28 for its center ofmotion. 7

The final fold or'doubling of the last end flap is accomplished by anoscillating folder, 28, which is a plate supported by a frame, 4, theopposite ends of which are journals 8, turning in the frame-work. Theleft-hand journal 8 is extended beyond the frame and provided with asegment, 32, Fig. 22, that meshes with a reciprocating rack-bar, 29,which is provided with a guide-loop, keeping it meshed with the segment.The rack-bar 29 is pivoted at its lower end to'a slottedrock-arm,14,Fig. 3, that is connected by a rod, 10, with alever, 15,that is hung on the rod 81, and provided with a stud or roll that runsin the groove of a cam, K, on shaft 77.

The longitudinal cam carrying shaft 77 is journaled in the frame-workand provided near its end with a fast clutch, 104, and a loosedriving-pulley, 100, the movements of which latter may be imparted tosaid shaft by means of the clutch, which is thrown into operativeconnection therewith by means of a stirrup-arm, 101, that is fast uponthe shaft 66, which latter is rocked by the lever 67. As here shown,this arm 101 reciprocates a collar, 102, that travels on a splineprojecting from the driving shaft 77, which collar carries a wedge, 103,which enters a hole in the clutch 104 and operates levers that expandthe peripheral spring of the clutch, so as to lock it fast to the rim200, fixed to the face of the pulley 100, all as shown in United StatesLetters Patent No. 150,653.

Although the mechanism described may bemadetoconstantlyopcrateandbeprovided with automatic feeding anddischarging devices, it is-here shown as arranged for hand-feeding, tofacilitate which the machine is supplied with devices whereby it may bepositively stopped at each complete operation of its devices to providetime for removing its product and feeding new material to it. Thesearresting devices consist of an unclutching mechanism, as follows: Theclutch 104 carries a projecting bar, 105, (see Fig. 3,) whose curved endcarries a pivot-dog, 111. When the drivingpulley 100 is clutched to theshaft 77 the clutch 104 and its bar 105 revolve. This carries the faceof the dog 111 into contact with a stud, 106, that is carried by and ismoved longitudinally in and out of the end of a rock-arm, 108, thatprojects from a sleeve fast upon the shaft 66. When this stud 106 isengaged by the face of the dog 111 the latter is moved rearwardly untilits stop-pin 5 rests upon the bar 105. The lace of the dog then acts asa lever operating, as the onward movement of the dog is continued, topress upward on the stud 106, and thus raise the rock-arm 108, therebyrocking the shaft 66 and through arm 101 moving the collar 102 so as towithdraw the wedge 103 and release the clutch 104 from the pulley 100,which then runs freely on its shaft. As the rock arm 108 is forcedupward it raises the bell-crank lever 107 (see Figs. 2 and 3) clear fromthe fixedscat100, and thus allows the spring 110 to draw back the stud106 into the arm 108, the stud being connected to the end of thebell-crank by a pin, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2, thus releasingthe dog 11], which is then caused to resume its normal position, as inFig. 3, by the action of its spring 112. The rock arm is thus rockedbackward and is carried to its rearmost position by the action of itsspring 68, which so moves it until it is arrested by the contact oflever 67 with the stop 114. (See Fig. 2.) It

is to be remarked that the wedge 103 is so formed that when it ispressed into the clutch 104 it will bind or stick sufficiently to resistthe tension of the spring 68, so that the parts will remain clutcheduntil the wedge is started by the unclutching mechanism, as justdescribed. The rearward rocking ofthis shaft 66 raises the former, asshown in Figs. 3,4, and the stop 114 determines the extent to which saidformer shall be raised.

As this apparatus is especially intended to form the bag upon the end ofa hollow former, 115, as in Fig. 17, which former is constructed with aflaring month, 116, which acts to guide the substance to be bagged intothe hollow former, in the lower or bag-covered end of which it may bepressed and finally deposited in the bag by stripping said hollow formerfrom it, the operation of the machine will be described in connectionwith said hollow former; and first it should be explained that theformer 51 will, when itis to act as a carrier for said hollow former, bepreferably provided with a spring,

117, at one or both sides, that actas frictional bearin gs, retainingthe hollow former in place upon it. In order to secure the properposition of said hollow former, it is provided with projecting studs, as118, that engage inclined stops 119, fixed to the slide 53, which arrestit when it has been slid onto the former 51 to its correct positiontheangular position to which the former may be raised, as governed by thestop 114, which insures the proper adjustment of said hollow former.

For convenience of hand-feeding, the apparatus is provided with afeeding-table consisting of two plates, 120 121, (not shown in Fig. 2,)between which the former descends, which plates are provided with gages122 123, as is common.

The operation is as follows: Supposing the apparatus to be stopped, atwhich time the clutch is released, the lever 67 is raised, and theformer stands in its highest position. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) The materialto make the bag, whether it is a sheet of paper or superposed sheets offoil and paper, is placed. against the gages 122 123 beneath the form:er, which latter has a hollow former, 115, slid upon it, as'in Fig. 4.The lever 67 is now depressed, throwing the clutch 104 into connectionwith the pulley 100 to operate the camshaft 77, and to simultaneouslydepress the former, so that it clamps the material between the lowersurface of the hollow former 115 and the upper surface of the table 52.The cam A then depresses lever to rock the shaft 73 and vibrate therock-arm 72, whose slotted head causes the clamping-arms 70 71 to close,thereby moving their hooked ends over the shank of the former 51, andthus securely clamping it in its depressed position upon the forming.

table 52. The cam B next comes into operation, and depressing levercauses it to depress the lever 79, which acts to draw down the slide 53,and with it the forming-table and former. As the formingtable and formerdescend while in their locked positions, they carry the material betweenthe plates 120 121, forming the feeding-table, and descend between theguidiug-stocks 2t) 21, thereby causing the sides of the material to beupturned, as in Fig. 26, between the sides of the hollow former 115 andthe face-plates 2 3 of said guiding stocks 20 21. When the forming-tablereaches its lowest position its forward end may rest upon a seat, 125,or a rest-block se-.

cured thereto. The cam 1) now comes into operation, and, through thelever 55 and arm 54, rocks the arms 47 48, and causes the reciprocationof the primary folding-blade, 22, which lays the short flap down ontothe upper side of the former, as in Figs. 18 and 27. Aboutsimultaneously with this movement the cam E comes into operation andcauses the reciprocation of the opposite or second lappingfolder, 23,through the lever 87, rock-arms 86 84, and rod 83. This folder 23, inthus moving forward, laps the second side fold onto the first side fold,and when it has reached a position over the overlapped folds so as tosecure the end of the first fold, and whileit still moves forward, thereturn motion of the primary lapping-folder, 22, begins and isaccomplished. In thus delaying the return movement of the primarylapping-folder until the second folder has advanced far enough over theformer in folding the second lap to bear upon and secure the end of thefirst lap, it will be apparent'that any liability of the latter lapsbeing withdrawn or moved out of place by such return movement will beavoided. As soon as the second lapping-folder, with its carrier, reachesthe position over the former, when the edge of its plate 23 will bealigned, or nearly so, with that of the former, and at which time thelast side lap folded by it will have its free edge projecting beyondthat of the former, as in Fig. 27, and overlying the guide 21, the cam 0comes into operation, and, through the levers 45 44 and rods 43, causesa vertical reciprocation of the guiding-stock 21. As this guide movesupward the projecting free edge of the material gives way before it, sothat the guide may rise above said edge, as in Fig. 18, dotted lines,and in its downward movement, at which time the folder 23 is broughteven with the edge of the former, as in dotted lines, Fig. 18, theface-plate 2 of said guiding-stock 21 re-engages the projecting materialand doubles it down over the side of the former so that it lies snuglyagainst the inner side fold, as in Fig. 29. These foldings convert thematerial into a tube lapped around the former, where it is held in abox-like structure constituted by the former, the table 52, thefaceplates 2 3 of the guiding-stocks 2O 21, and the plate or folder 23of the carrier 124. The cam F now comes into operation, and, through thelever 93, rod 92, and roclearm 91, rotates the shaft 90, which, by meansof the rockarm 89 and rod 88 causes the primary endfolder, 24, actuatedby the rook-arm 56, to swing downward against the end of the form er.This folds down the first end lap, and the wings 18 19 of said folder 24cause the said lap to lie snugly in place, and its points of union withthe said end laps to be nicely folded, as is seen in Figs. 19 and henthe return motion of this folder 24 is accomplished the sideend-folders, 25 26, are vibrated simultaneously by the action of thecamsG H. These folders turn theside laps centrally against the primaryfold on the end of the former, as in Fig. 30, and the wings lt, whichproject from their lower edges, cause the points of union of thematerial between these side laps and last end lap to lie snugly togetherand be pressed smooth, as in Fig. 31. As these side end -lapping foldersoscillate IIO the cam I'comes into operation, and, through the lever 34,rack 31, and segment 30,rock the swinging folder 27, upon the face ofwhich the extreme end of the bottom lap lies, as in Fig. 19, said folderturning upward, and thereby causing said extreme end ofthe bottom lap tobe doubled upon itself, ,with the forward extremities ofthe wings I tasfolding-guides, and tobe pressed onto the face of the finallapping-folder, 28,asin Figs.233l. The rotating movement of the folder27 begun, the cam K comes into operation, and, through the lever 15,rock-arm 14, rack 29, and segment 32, causes the final lapping-folder,28, to swing upward and double the last lap against those that havepreceded it upon the end of the former, as in Figs. 24, 32. Thisaccomplished, the carrier support ing the folder 23 retreats, and asthefinallapping-folder, 28, is retracted the cam B again comes intooperation to raise the table 52 and former up to the normal position.The camA thereupon, again cominginto operation, causes the rock-arm 72to re-engage the arm and release the arms' 70 71 from their engagementwith the former. The dog 111 next engages the stud 106, thereby raisingthe rock-arm 108, rocking the shaft 60, and, through the rod 64 androck-arm 61 raising the former to its normal position, as in Fig. 4,when the bottomformer 115, having upon its end a perfectly formed bag,as in Fig. 17,111ay be removed from the machine, a second or uncoveredhollow former be placed upon the former 51, as in Fig. 4, a new sheet belaid upon the foldingtable, and the mechanisms be set into operation torepeat their action by depressing the lever 67.

It is apparent that a naked former, as 51,

may be used in this operation offormingbags,

and that the same, when raised to the normal position, may have the bagsstripped therefrom. The former may reciprocate to its seat upon thetable, instead of being oscillated in its movements to and from thatposition.

The table 52, though shown as of the same width as the former, is but aclamp for bolding the sheet in place upon the under surface of-theformer, and therefore may be of any construction that will accomplishthat end. Thus the former might have a simple spring or springs fixed toits under surface to receive and hold the sheet, an d, descendingtherewith, operate to produce the tube, as before explained, in whichcase the hollow folder 115 would be omitted, and no oscillation of theformer from its highest horizontal position would be required, and evenwhen the hollow folder is used it might have the same construction, andthe oscillation mentioned be used or not. The structure shown is apreferred one, and its parts will be designated hereinafter by theirgeneral names.

By throwing the end-forming folders out of action or omitting them themachine will produce tubes with open ends.

WVhat is claimed is 1. The combination, with a former and means formoving it to and from guiding-stocks, of guiding-stocks, as 20 21, theface-plates whereof form a folding-box, one of which stocks is providedwith means for reciprocating it to fold the edge of the overlapped plyof the sheet, and fold the same upon the side of the tube allsubstantially as described.

2. The combination, with the former, of the folders 22 23, and means forreciprocating said folders, so that the folder 22, after laying thefirst lap, shall dwell and hold the same until the folder 23 hasadvanced over the edge of said first lap, all substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination, with the former, of the folders 22 23 and stock 21,and means for reciprocatingthe latter, all substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the former, of the reciprocating carrier 124and: the oscillating primary end-lap folder, 24, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination, with the former, of the reciprocating carrier 124,and oscillating folder 24 and its wings 18 19 with the folders 25 26,whereby the plies forming the projecting sides of a tube end are laidsnugly together, and the folded edge thereof is pressed, substantiallyas described. a

6. The combination, with a former and form ing-table and means forcarrying the two into co-operative relation, of a series of sidelappingfolders, whereby a sheet of material is lapped about the former andconverted into a tube, said side-lapping folders being also providedwith devices for partially closing the end of the tube, allsubstantially as described.

7. The combination,with aforming-table and a former pivoted or hingedthereto, of means for oscillating the former, a slide carrying saidformer and table, and means for reciprocating said slide to carry saidformer to and from the position of co-operation with the foldingmechanisms, all substantially as described.

8. A folder having a wing or wings provided with a recessed face,whereby a space is provided for the lapped plies of material and thefolded edge of the same is pressed, substantially as described.

9. The combination of the table and oscillatingformer, and means forbringing the former onto the table, and means for locking the former,all substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a support for one side of the material, of afolder operating upon the opposite side of the material, and providedwith a wing or wings recessed to accommodate the plies of foldedmaterial and pressits doubled edge or line of fold, all substantially asdescribed.

11. The combination, with the former and folders 24, 25, 26, and 28, ofan auxiliary lapforming folder, 27, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with the folder 28, of the folders 25 26, havingrecessed wings l t, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with the folders 25 26,

and table 52, of the stops 114, whereby the position of the hollowformer with respect to the folders is determined, substantially asdescribed.

17. The combination, with the former and the shaft 66, of the clutch104, pulley 100, and lever 67, substantially as described.

18. The combination, with the former, folding mechanism (lo-operatingtherewith, and

means for actuating the same, of a clutch mechanism and means operatedby the driving-pulley to release the said clutch, all substantially asdescribed.

19. The combination, with the former and the mechanisms operating itfrom the main shaft, of the clutch mechanism, its releasing mechanismcarried by the shaft 66, and the lever 67, substantially as described.

20. The combination, with a former, of a folder, as 26, provided withlugs, as c n, and an arm, as e, having bearers which travel in a curvedguiding-sl0t, and a pivoted rock-arm, as 12, provided with fingers m a,substantially as described.

In testimony whereofl have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

' ORVILLE S. HARMON. Witnesses:

T. H. PALMER,

ANTHONY N. J ASBERA.

